The Public Ledger

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Government finances

Two kinds of figure appear on this page. What the government actually collected and spent, published monthly by the Ministry of Finance since 2017, and what it planned to, from the approved and revised budget. A year that has not closed yet has no actual figure for the full year, only a budget. Millions of MVR.

In 2025 the government collected 40.76 bn and spent 44.22 bn, a deficit of 3.45 bn, against 10.79 bn the year before. 6 months into 2026 it has collected 22.50 bn and spent 23.81 bn.

The record, 2017 to 2025

Revenue and spending, by year

Complete years only, millions of MVR.

0 m12.04 bn24.08 bn36.12 bn48.16 bn201720182019202020212022202320242025
Revenue & grantsSpending

Surplus or deficit, by year

Revenue minus spending in each complete year, millions of MVR.

2017: deficit of MVR 988 m2018: deficit of MVR 1.31 bn2019: deficit of MVR 923 m2020: deficit of MVR 9.50 bn2021: deficit of MVR 8.04 bn2022: deficit of MVR 7.97 bn2023: deficit of MVR 10.74 bn2024: deficit of MVR 10.79 bn2025: deficit of MVR 3.45 bn201720182019202020212022202320242025 0 m -10.79 bn
Surplus Deficit

Each year here is the twelve published monthly releases added together, not a separately published annual figure. The Ministry of Finance notes that figures for 2024 and 2025 may still change while reconciliation continues. MMA's annual table reports higher spending for 2020, 2021, 2022 (by 4.01 bn, 3.47 bn, 3.06 bn respectively); recurrent spending agrees exactly and the whole difference sits in capital spending, where the Ministry records updated PSIP figures from 2024.

2026 so far

Revenue collected i
22.50 bn
Jan–Jun 2026 · up 11.8% on 2025
Spending i
23.81 bn
Jan–Jun 2026 · up 25.3% on 2025
Balance so far i
−1.32 bn
deficit, Jan–Jun 2026 · a 1.13 bn surplus in 2025

6 of 12 months published. That is 56% of the 40.37 bn approved for the year in revenue and 48% of the 49.21 bn approved in spending. Neither is a shortfall: money does not arrive evenly, and over 2023 to 2025, 49% to 52% of the year's revenue and 43% to 48% of its spending had landed by the end of Jun.

Month by month

Revenue vs spending, monthly i

Millions of MVR per month, Jan 2017–Jun 2026.

0 m1.75 bn3.51 bn5.26 bn7.02 bn2017201820192020202120222023202420252026
Revenue & grantsExpenditure

Monthly surplus / deficit i

Millions of MVR, Jan 2017–Jun 2026.

Jan 2017: surplus of MVR 1.25 bnFeb 2017: surplus of MVR 452 mMar 2017: surplus of MVR 169 mApr 2017: deficit of MVR 433 mMay 2017: surplus of MVR 228 mJun 2017: deficit of MVR 238 mJul 2017: surplus of MVR 358 mAug 2017: deficit of MVR 311 mSep 2017: deficit of MVR 532 mOct 2017: deficit of MVR 184 mNov 2017: deficit of MVR 260 mDec 2017: deficit of MVR 1.49 bnJan 2018: surplus of MVR 698 mFeb 2018: surplus of MVR 228 mMar 2018: surplus of MVR 140 mApr 2018: deficit of MVR 434 mMay 2018: deficit of MVR 616 mJun 2018: surplus of MVR 32 mJul 2018: surplus of MVR 727 mAug 2018: deficit of MVR 440 mSep 2018: deficit of MVR 296 mOct 2018: deficit of MVR 350 mNov 2018: deficit of MVR 423 mDec 2018: deficit of MVR 581 mJan 2019: surplus of MVR 1.59 bnFeb 2019: deficit of MVR 233 mMar 2019: surplus of MVR 277 mApr 2019: deficit of MVR 90 mMay 2019: deficit of MVR 129 mJun 2019: deficit of MVR 22 mJul 2019: surplus of MVR 1.12 bnAug 2019: deficit of MVR 350 mSep 2019: deficit of MVR 787 mOct 2019: surplus of MVR 117 mNov 2019: deficit of MVR 812 mDec 2019: deficit of MVR 1.61 bnJan 2020: surplus of MVR 607 mFeb 2020: deficit of MVR 531 mMar 2020: deficit of MVR 1.06 bnApr 2020: deficit of MVR 1.13 bnMay 2020: deficit of MVR 1.34 bnJun 2020: deficit of MVR 1.32 bnJul 2020: deficit of MVR 674 mAug 2020: surplus of MVR 159 mSep 2020: deficit of MVR 926 mOct 2020: deficit of MVR 1.04 bnNov 2020: deficit of MVR 1.22 bnDec 2020: deficit of MVR 1.02 bnJan 2021: surplus of MVR 504 mFeb 2021: deficit of MVR 490 mMar 2021: deficit of MVR 514 mApr 2021: deficit of MVR 736 mMay 2021: deficit of MVR 1.07 bnJun 2021: deficit of MVR 824 mJul 2021: deficit of MVR 922 mAug 2021: deficit of MVR 697 mSep 2021: deficit of MVR 107 mOct 2021: deficit of MVR 1.37 bnNov 2021: deficit of MVR 1.11 bnDec 2021: deficit of MVR 707 mJan 2022: surplus of MVR 429 mFeb 2022: deficit of MVR 887 mMar 2022: deficit of MVR 805 mApr 2022: deficit of MVR 247 mMay 2022: deficit of MVR 1.02 bnJun 2022: deficit of MVR 198 mJul 2022: surplus of MVR 601 mAug 2022: deficit of MVR 552 mSep 2022: deficit of MVR 1.53 bnOct 2022: deficit of MVR 963 mNov 2022: deficit of MVR 375 mDec 2022: deficit of MVR 2.42 bnJan 2023: deficit of MVR 520 mFeb 2023: deficit of MVR 656 mMar 2023: deficit of MVR 915 mApr 2023: deficit of MVR 1.11 bnMay 2023: deficit of MVR 901 mJun 2023: deficit of MVR 237 mJul 2023: surplus of MVR 538 mAug 2023: deficit of MVR 1.79 bnSep 2023: deficit of MVR 1.28 bnOct 2023: deficit of MVR 713 mNov 2023: deficit of MVR 1.35 bnDec 2023: deficit of MVR 1.81 bnJan 2024: surplus of MVR 867 mFeb 2024: deficit of MVR 868 mMar 2024: deficit of MVR 1.17 bnApr 2024: deficit of MVR 647 mMay 2024: deficit of MVR 1.56 bnJun 2024: deficit of MVR 377 mJul 2024: deficit of MVR 419 mAug 2024: deficit of MVR 653 mSep 2024: deficit of MVR 1.30 bnOct 2024: deficit of MVR 882 mNov 2024: deficit of MVR 1.08 bnDec 2024: deficit of MVR 2.69 bnJan 2025: surplus of MVR 1.22 bnFeb 2025: deficit of MVR 287 mMar 2025: surplus of MVR 833 mApr 2025: deficit of MVR 49 mMay 2025: deficit of MVR 616 mJun 2025: surplus of MVR 29 mJul 2025: surplus of MVR 191 mAug 2025: deficit of MVR 350 mSep 2025: deficit of MVR 583 mOct 2025: deficit of MVR 1.26 bnNov 2025: deficit of MVR 1.10 bnDec 2025: deficit of MVR 1.48 bnJan 2026: surplus of MVR 1.56 bnFeb 2026: surplus of MVR 28 mMar 2026: surplus of MVR 259 mApr 2026: deficit of MVR 641 mMay 2026: deficit of MVR 1.69 bnJun 2026: deficit of MVR 834 m2017201820192020202120222023202420252026 1.59 bn -2.69 bn
Surplus Deficit

Spending is back-loaded: Dec alone is typically 12% of the year, against an even 8.3% a month. Median of complete years, 2017 to 2025.

What the deficit leaves behind

How the government borrows i

Total borrowing to cover the deficit and roll over maturing debt, millions of MVR, increasingly from foreign sources. Where the deficit becomes debt: see Public debt.

0 m4.41 bn8.83 bn13.24 bn17.65 bn2020202120222023202420252026
Foreign financingDomestic financing

Budget detail by category

MMA's breakdown of the year's revenue and spending lines. For a year that has not closed, these are budget lines rather than what was actually collected and spent. The Budget explorer holds the same plan line by line.

Sets the two breakdowns below.

Where the money comes from

Tax, non-tax and grants sum to 40.37 bn, each itemised into its published components beneath. 2026, millions of MVR.

Tax revenue MVR 31.30 bn
GST on tourism MVR 11.47 bn
Goods & services tax MVR 5.62 bn
Business profit tax MVR 4.43 bn
Import duty MVR 3.13 bn
Green tax MVR 2.40 bn
Airport service charge MVR 2.28 bn
Bank profit tax MVR 1.24 bn
Income tax MVR 472 m
Other taxes MVR 263 m
Non-tax revenue MVR 8.70 bn
Other non-tax revenue MVR 6.04 bn
Resort lease rent MVR 2.03 bn
Net sales to public enterprises MVR 627 m
Capital revenue MVR 2 m
Grants MVR 374 m

Where it goes

The spending lines sum to 49.21 bn. Operating costs are itemised beneath their group. From 2022 MMA stops splitting out subsidies, social welfare and other operating costs, so those fold into one grouped line; 2020–2021 itemise in full. 2026, millions of MVR.

Operating (goods & services) MVR 17.63 bn
Salaries & wages MVR 8.69 bn
Other allowances MVR 6.11 bn
Transport, communication & utilities MVR 2.83 bn
Interest payments MVR 5.56 bn
Capital expenditure MVR 9.28 bn
Subsidies, welfare & other costs i MVR 16.75 bn

For 2026 MMA also reports a primary balance of −3.28 bn (the balance before interest), meaning 5.56 bn of the −8.84 bn balance is interest on past borrowing. The interest burden over time is on Budget in context.