The Public Ledger

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Budget in context

The budget's headline figures set against the wider economy: GDP and the deficit as a share of it, using the Central Bank's (MMA) national accounts and government finance statistics alongside the Ministry of Finance's own approved-budget export.

Spending, revenue & GDP

YearSpendingRevenueDeficitGDP Deficit, % of GDPDebt repayment & lending
2024
Actual
MVR 52.82 bn MVR 35.09 bn MVR -17.73 bn MVR 100.46 bn -17.7% MVR 6.95 bn
13% of spending
2025
Revised
MVR 56.54 bn MVR 37.87 bn MVR -18.67 bn MVR 106.80 bn -17.5% MVR 12.25 bn
22% of spending
2026
Approved Budget
MVR 64.20 bn MVR 40.37 bn MVR -23.83 bn MVR 111.46 bn -21.4% MVR 14.99 bn
23% of spending
2027
Projected
MVR 56.75 bn MVR 42.66 bn MVR -14.09 bn MVR 6.84 bn
12% of spending
2028
Projected
MVR 56.96 bn MVR 45.21 bn MVR -11.75 bn MVR 6.17 bn
11% of spending

GDP and deficit-to-GDP are blank for 2027/2028: MMA hasn't published GDP that far ahead yet. "Debt repayment & lending" is financing (loan/bond repayments, capital injections into SOEs), not spending on a government function. COFOG excludes it, which is also why it doesn't appear in MMA's function-based "government expenditure" figure.

Cross-check: for 2026, this budget's spending total minus debt repayment & lending (MVR 49.21 bn) matches MMA's independently-compiled "government expenditure" figure (table 6.1) to within a rounding error: two separately-sourced government datasets agreeing on the same number.

Primary balance & interest burden

The deficit strips out interest on past borrowing; the "primary balance" adds it back in: the underlying fiscal position before debt-service costs. Source: MMA government finance statistics (table 6.1/6.3), independent of the budget file above.

YearOverall balancePrimary balanceInterest payments Interest, % of revenue
2022 MVR -11.03 bn MVR -7.57 bn MVR 3.45 bn 11.9%
2023 MVR -10.74 bn MVR -6.55 bn MVR 4.20 bn 12.3%
2024 MVR -10.79 bn MVR -6.12 bn MVR 4.67 bn 13.3%
2025 MVR -6.41 bn MVR -1.55 bn MVR 4.86 bn 12.8%
2026 MVR -8.84 bn MVR -3.28 bn MVR 5.56 bn 13.8%

Revenue composition

Where government revenue actually comes from, as a share of the total. GST is shown separately as the single largest tax line, but it's already counted inside "tax revenue," not on top of it. Source: MMA table 6.2.

YearTax revenueOf which: GSTNon-tax revenue GrantsTotal revenue
2022 MVR 19.53 bn
67.3%
MVR 3.18 bn
11.0%
MVR 8.29 bn
28.5%
MVR 1.04 bn
3.6%
MVR 29.03 bn
2023 MVR 24.07 bn
70.5%
MVR 4.50 bn
13.2%
MVR 8.71 bn
25.5%
MVR 1.01 bn
3.0%
MVR 34.15 bn
2024 MVR 26.39 bn
75.2%
MVR 5.03 bn
14.3%
MVR 7.58 bn
21.6%
MVR 652.6 m
1.9%
MVR 35.09 bn
2025 MVR 28.59 bn
75.5%
MVR 5.36 bn
14.1%
MVR 8.75 bn
23.1%
MVR 400.4 m
1.1%
MVR 37.87 bn
2026 MVR 31.30 bn
77.5%
MVR 5.62 bn
13.9%
MVR 8.70 bn
21.6%
MVR 373.6 m
0.9%
MVR 40.37 bn